Q: How to increase climate change adaptation capacity on sustainable development and sustainability in your country?
Ans: Adaptive capacity - combination of the strengths, attributes, and resources available to an individual, community, society, or organization that can be used to prepare for and undertake actions to reduce adverse impacts, moderate harm, or exploit beneficial opportunities.
To increase climate change adaptation capacity on sustainable development and sustainability follow as:
1.Integration of Climate change adaptation into sustainability science and sustainable development policies, strategies, action plan.2.Management (Adaptive management, learning by doing management, promoting innovation).
3.Development of sustainability science, Science and technology policy innovation;
4.Proactive response to CC for sustainability.
5.Building Nature Harmonious and Resilient Society (NHRS).
6.Capacity building for CCA and sustainability.
Q: Give a brief sketch (write up) about global radiation budget?
Ans: The Earth's Radiation Budget is a concept used for understanding:
How much energy the Earth gets from the Sun and How much energy the Earth-system radiates back to outer space as invisible light.
Based on the physics principle of conservation of energy, this radiation budget represents the accounting of the balance between incoming radiation, which is almost entirely solar radiation, and outgoing radiation, which is partly reflected solar radiation and partly radiation emitted from the Earth system, including the atmosphere.
Component of Earth's radiation Budget:
1) INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION: Incoming ultraviolet, visible, and a limited portion of infrared energy from the Sun drive the Earth's climate system. Some of this incoming radiation is reflected off clouds, some is absorbed by the atmosphere, and some passes through to the Earth's surface. Larger aerosol particles in the atmosphere interact with and absorb some of the radiation, causing the atmosphere to warm. The heat generated by this absorption is emitted as longwave infrared radiation, some of which radiates out into space.
2) ABSORBED ENERGY: The solar radiation that passes through Earth's atmosphere is either reflected off snow, ice, or other surfaces or is absorbed by the Earth's surface.
3) Emitted LONGWAVE Radiation: Heat resulting from the absorption of incoming shortwave radiation is emitted as longwave radiation. Radiation from the warmed upper atmosphere, along with a small amount from the Earth's surface, radiates out to space.
4) GREENHOUSE EFFECT: Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (such as water vapor and carbon dioxide) absorb most of the Earth's emitted longwave infrared radiation, which heats the lower atmosphere. In turn, the warmed atmosphere emits longwave radiation, some of which radiates toward the Earth's surface, keeping our planet warm and generally comfortable. Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane increase the temperature of the lower atmosphere by restricting the outward passage of emitted radiation, resulting in "global warming," or, more broadly, global climate change.
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