Q: Discuss why capacity building is important in implementing adaptation plans?
Ans: Scientific and technical capacity,advancing scientific knowledge and linking scientific and policy communities. with the proper use of resources, technology, financing and IPR. It is important to build enough capacity to ensure that the implementation will result in change that is sustainable and aligned with the principles and objectives set out in the design of the adaptation plan.
This can require the building of additional skill sets, increasing education and awareness about certain issues and developing trust and cooperation- these are often barriers which undermine the effectiveness of adaptation processes.
Capacity building is a key issue for the implementation of climate adaptation measures in urban planning processes.In addition, scientific insights and tools can be of assistance, and the use of climate maps can help to create a common language.
Such common understanding of climate problems can lead to “goal environment” between actors, which can support the implementation of climate adaptation strategies in urban planning.
Q: Suggest possible steps that can ease (or motivate) the adaptation planning and implementation at the local level
Ans: The steps that can ease (or motivate) the adaptation planning and implementation at the local level are as follows:
1: Preparing the ground for adaptation
1.a. Obtain high-level support
1.b. Set up the process.
1.c. Estimate human and financial resources needed and identify potential sources of funding for the long term.
1.d. Collect information
1.e. Communicate and raise awareness
2. Assessing risks and vulnerabilities to climate change
2.a. Analyse how past weather events have affected at local level
2.b. Undertake a climate change risks and vulnerability assessment.
2.c. Develop an approach for addressing knowledge gaps and for dealing with uncertainties
3.Concluding step:
3 a. Identifying adaptation options
3.b. Collect appropriate adaptation options given at local level
3.c. Explore good practices and existing measures
3.d. Describe adaptation options in detail
4. Assessing adaptation options
4.a. Assess possible options in terms of time, cost, benefits and efforts.
Q: How to enhance climate change resilience and sustainability in urban areas?
Ans: Enhancing climate change resilience and sustainability in urban areas:
- By adopting specific policies to ensure provision for good quality risk-‐reducing infrastructure and service that must reach to whole city’s population, the institutional and financial abilty to provide and manage these and expand them when needed.
- By additional knowledge, resources, capacity and skills, which are generally required to build resilience against the climate change to changes beyond the ranges of what have been happened in the past.
- By reliable, locally specific and downscaled projections of climate change, which gives the reliable climate change scenario and impacts.
- By tools for risk screening and management, which are needed to provide a basis for incorporating adaptation into development plans and policy option.
- By improving Infrastructures and buildings construction, which have a lifespan of many decades so investments made now need to consider what changes in risks could take place during their lifetime
Q: The local climate change at this stage may not obvious yet. Should adaptation plans incorporate into urban planning immediately or wait until there is more certainty about local climate change? Why?
Ans: Yes, we should adaptation plans incorporate into urban planning immediately because climate change is long continuous process and it is the global problem, when referring to global climate change it is important to look at long-term climate trends, generally 30 years or more, rather than short-term patterns which reflect natural climate variability.
The production of GHG is increased and growing due to high consumption of fossil fuel, non-renewable energy, industrial agriculture and land use changes, Which cause sea level rise, melting ice, increasing in global mean temperature and changing in weather. The important point is that the coping with climate change is also require more time.
Climate mitigation and adaptation should be implemented simultaneously to effectively reduce climate change impacts and prepare for a future of change. If greenhouse gas emissions are not reduced through mitigation efforts, then the ability to adapt will be impacted by the rapid pace and severity of climate change.
Since the effects of climate change are already happening it is also necessary to include adaptation as an important part of climate change planning. Adaptation is the process of adjustment to actual or expected climate and its effects by society or ecosystem.
Adaptation can consist of a wide variety of actions by an individual, community, or organization to prepare for, or respond to, climate change impacts. We cannot wait for a crisis to occur to begin adapting to climate change impacts.
Q: What are basic needs/essentials to conduct coordination?
Ans: The basic needs/essentials to conduct coordination are as follows:
1) Monitoring of environmental status could be done in identifying and solving climate change problems.
2) Diagnosing and investigation of climate change public health problems and health hazards is possible via coordination.
3) Coordination could serve as a major tool in informing, educating and empowering about public health issues related to climate change.
4) Coordination would help in developing policies & plans that support climate change risk reduction efforts.
5) Coordination links people to climate change risk reduction services and thus help in assuring services are provided on time.
6) Research new insights and innovative solutions could be founded which will help in to reducing climate change public health risks issues.
Q: What does community-based approach mean?
Ans: The community-based approach is to create a community that would be actively participate in environmental friendly behavior in sustainable ways and describes climate-resilient livelihoods, disaster risk reduction (DRR), local adaptive and organisational capacity development, and enabling national policy environment, a good knowledge of climate change, and the addressing of underlying causes of vulnerability) that need to be in place for effective community-based adaptation to occur.
Approaches:
- Building trust through intensive communication with key persons in the community.
- Public consultation regarding local problems and solutions.
- Framing the problems profile and community perception.
- Formulate the community focus of interest.
- Formulate road map and strategic plan.
- Develop programs and indicators performance.
Q: What are ’four sides’ in YSM?
Ans: The Yonmenkaigi System Method is developed to reduce disaster impact at the local community level. Participatory workshop methods can be used to develop more effective action plans at the level of community that include collaborative decision making techniques among residents for proactive disaster management. The main aim is to make an action plan for the community through a workshop. The method focuses on four aspects.These four aspects are categorized as:
a) Management
b) Publication relation and information
c) Soft logistic
d) Hard logistic
Each of these role sharing elements is combined with a time dimension.
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